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אמירנטשיטות

מבנה המשפט - מי עושה מה

3 שיטות · 9 שאלות פתורות

ניתוח היחסים בין הדמויות במשפט. פסיבי מול אקטיבי, השוואות בין שמות עצם, והחלפות זהות של מבצע הפעולה.

2.1

פסיבי מול אקטיבי (Passive vs Active)

הלוגיקה של השיטה

בכל משפט יש נושא שעושה פעולה (אקטיבי) או נושא שפעולה נעשית עליו (פסיבי). אם במקור הנושא פסיבי ובתשובה אקטיבי (או להפך) - נפסל. שימו לב: גם בסיפור פסיבי אפשר להפוך את הניסוח לאקטיבי בלי לשנות משמעות אם שומרים על אותה זהות של מבצע הפעולה.

תרגול (3 שאלות)

שאלה 1

The new policy was strongly criticized by the employees at last week's meeting.

(1) At last week's meeting, the employees strongly criticized the new policy.

(2) The employees introduced a new policy that was strongly criticized at last week's meeting.

(3) At last week's meeting, the new policy was accepted by the employees despite some criticism.

(4) The management strongly defended the new policy against employee criticism at last week's meeting.

שאלה 2

The boy is admired by his teacher for his dedication to mathematics.

(1) The boy admires his teacher because of his dedication to mathematics.

(2) The teacher appreciates the boy's commitment to mathematics.

(3) Mathematics is a subject that both the boy and his teacher are dedicated to.

(4) The boy's dedication to mathematics is recognized by his mathematics teacher alone.

שאלה 3

Ancient Greek philosophers were influenced by Egyptian thinkers long before the Hellenistic period.

(1) Before the Hellenistic period, Egyptian thinkers were heavily influenced by Greek philosophy.

(2) Egyptian thought had an influence on Greek philosophers well before Hellenistic times.

(3) Greek philosophers and Egyptian thinkers developed their ideas together before the Hellenistic era.

(4) The Hellenistic period marks when Egyptian thinkers first influenced Greek philosophy.

2.2

השוואה בין שמות עצם (Comparison)

הלוגיקה של השיטה

השוואות נפוצות: X is taller than Y, X is as ADJ as Y, Unlike X Y is..., X and Y both..., X is the most... of all. אם במקור יש השוואה בין שמות עצם ובתשובה אין - נפסל. אם במקור אין השוואה ובתשובה יש - גם נפסל. שימו לב ל-"the only" שהיא סוג של השוואה מרומזת.

תרגול (3 שאלות)

שאלה 1

Yugoslav leader Broz Tito, in addition to being the only ruler of a Communist country who seemed to enjoy genuine popularity, was also the only one who employed more than terror and propaganda to govern his country, although he certainly employed them as well.

(1) Tito was unique among leaders of Communist countries in two ways: first, people actually seemed to like him, and second, he did not use terror and propaganda alone to rule his country.

(2) Although Tito established his rule in Yugoslavia by using terror and propaganda, he governed his country well and became more popular than other leaders of Communist countries.

(3) Although leaders of other Communist countries warned Tito that he would not be able to rule effectively without using terror and propaganda, he decided to stop using them and, as a result, became more popular.

(4) Tito became Yugoslavia's most popular leader by refusing to employ terror and propaganda; in doing so, he ignored the example of other Communist leaders, who used these methods to attain power.

שאלה 2

The price of gold rose sharply last year, while the value of silver remained stable.

(1) Last year, gold and silver both saw similar price increases.

(2) While silver prices fell last year, gold prices rose significantly.

(3) In contrast to silver, which held its value, gold saw a significant price increase last year.

(4) Gold became more valuable than silver for the first time last year.

שאלה 3

Unlike most of her classmates, Sarah chose to pursue a career in science rather than business.

(1) Sarah, along with most of her classmates, chose a career in science over business.

(2) Most of Sarah's classmates went into business, but she opted for a science career instead.

(3) Sarah considered both science and business before choosing a career.

(4) After most of her classmates chose science, Sarah decided to pursue business.

2.3

מי עושה מה (Who Does What)

הלוגיקה של השיטה

כל משפט מורכב מ: נושא + פעולה + מושא. במבחנים מנסים להחליף ביניהם - להחליף מי עושה את הפעולה ומי מקבל אותה. זה שונה מפסיבי-אקטיבי: גם בפסיבי ניתן לשמור על זהות מבצע הפעולה (דרך by). השאלה היא האם מבצע הפעולה נשאר אותו דבר.

תרגול (3 שאלות)

שאלה 1

The politician criticized the journalist for publishing the controversial article.

(1) The journalist criticized the politician for publishing the controversial article.

(2) The journalist was criticized by the politician for publishing the controversial article.

(3) The controversial article was criticized by both the politician and the journalist.

(4) The politician refused to be interviewed by the journalist because of the controversial article.

שאלה 2

Scientists at the research center developed a new treatment based on findings from their patients' trials.

(1) Patients at the research center developed a new treatment through their participation in clinical trials.

(2) The research center patients were given a new treatment developed by the scientists in previous trials.

(3) A new treatment was created by the research center's scientists, drawing on data from patient trials.

(4) Scientists and patients at the research center worked together to develop and trial a new treatment.

שאלה 3

The committee rejected the proposal submitted by the engineering department.

(1) The engineering department rejected the proposal offered by the committee.

(2) The proposal was presented to the engineering department, which then rejected it.

(3) The engineering department's proposal was turned down by the committee.

(4) Both the committee and the engineering department refused to accept the proposal.